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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
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---
description: This article describes how to boot the Endpoint Protector On-Prem appliance into recovery mode to change the epproot user password and optimize the appliance configuration for Nginx, MySQL, and PHP-FPM. These steps apply only to on-premises deployments.
keywords:
- Endpoint Protector
- epproot password
- recovery mode
- GRUB
- appliance optimization
- Nginx
- MySQL
- PHP-FPM
- Ubuntu
sidebar_label: How to Change epproot Password and Optimize Endpoint Protector On-Prem Appliance
title: How to Change epproot Password and Optimize Endpoint Protector On-Prem Appliance
knowledge_article_id: kA0Qk000000XXXXKAA
products:
- endpoint-protector
---

| The procedures and instructions provided in this document are intended for use by experienced administrators. Proceeding with these steps is done entirely at your own risk. Netwrix is not responsible for any data loss, system instability, or other issues that may arise from following these instructions. Ensure that you have a complete backup of your system before making any changes. |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

## Overview

This article outlines the steps to boot the Endpoint Protector (EPP) On-Prem appliance into single-user (recovery) mode to change the `epproot` user password and optimize appliance performance. These steps apply only to **on-premises** deployments.
They do **not** work for appliances hosted in cloud environments.

---

## Instructions

1. Go to your VM manager and **reboot** the EPP appliance.
While it reboots, press the `Esc` key on your keyboard to access the **GRUB** boot menu, and select **Advanced options for Ubuntu**.

![GRUB boot menu screenshot](./../0-images/43258ddd17f53d209349a9757595552d.png)

2. Choose the first entry labeled **(recovery mode)**.

![Recovery mode selection screenshot](./../0-images/cb6a560ea7bc3e35cd3c0a30978e4dc7.png)

3. Press **Enter** when prompted.

![Boot confirmation screenshot](./../0-images/221e2f00e49f44fffcf64957a74adf46.png)

4. Change the password for the `epproot` user using the command:

```bash
passwd epproot
```

> **NOTE:** When requested, input the new password.

5. Reboot the appliance with the command:

```bash
reboot
```

6. Once the system restarts, connect to the appliance via **SSH** using your preferred application.

7. To reduce the number of password prompts, elevate privileges to root using:

```bash
sudo su
```

> **NOTE:** When requested, use the password for the `epproot` user.

8. Backup the **Nginx**, **MySQL**, and **PHP-FPM** configuration files:

```bash
cp -p /etc/nginx/nginx.conf{,.bkp}
cp -p /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf{,.bkp}
cp -p /opt/alt/php56/etc/php-fpm.conf{,.bkp}
```

> **NOTE:** The `{,.bkp}` syntax creates a copy of each file in the same location with `.bkp` appended, preserving metadata (permissions, ownership, and timestamps).

9. Run the following command and note down the number of CPU cores and the memory assigned to the VM:

```bash
htop
```

10. Edit the Nginx configuration file:

```bash
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
```

- Press **Insert** to edit.
- Set `worker_processes` to the number of CPU cores.
- Change the values of `error_log` and `access_log` from `off` to `/dev/null`.
- To save and quit, press **Esc**, type `:wq`, and press **Enter**.

11. Edit the MySQL configuration file:

```bash
vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
```

- Press **Insert** to edit.
- Ensure or update the following parameters:

```text
max_allowed_packet = 8M
thread_stack = 256K
read_buffer_size = 128K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
join_buffer_size = 128K
key_buffer_size = 16M
tmp_table_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
thread_cache_size = 64M
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_size = 0
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
expire_logs_days = 5
max_binlog_size = 128M
```

- Adjust `max_connections` based on system memory:

| **RAM** | **max_connections** |
|----------|---------------------|
| ≤4 GB | 75 |
| 8 GB | 100 |
| 16 GB | 150 |
| 32 GB | 250 |
| 64 GB | 500 |
| 128 GB | 1000 |

- Set `innodb_buffer_pool_size` to ~60% of total memory.
Example (72 GB RAM):

```text
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 44236M
```

- Set `innodb_log_file_size` to ~12.5% of the buffer pool size.
Example (72 GB RAM):

```text
innodb_log_file_size = 5G
```

- Set `innodb_buffer_pool_instances` to the approximate number of gigabytes of buffer pool size.
Example:

```text
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 43
```

- Set `innodb_thread_concurrency` to the number of CPU cores.
Example (8 cores):

```text
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
```

- Ensure the following parameters exist or add them if missing:

```text
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 300
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 1
innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
innodb_max_purge_lag = 0
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60
```

- To save and quit, press **Esc**, type `:wq`, and press **Enter**.

12. Edit the PHP-FPM configuration file:

```bash
vim /opt/alt/php56/etc/php-fpm.conf
```

- Press **Insert** to edit.
- Update the following parameters based on total RAM:

| **Total RAM** | **pm.max_children** | **pm.start_servers** | **pm.min_spare_servers** | **pm.max_spare_servers** |
|---------------|--------------------|----------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|
| ≤2 GB | 10 | 5 | 1 | 5 |
| ≤4 GB | 50 | 6 | 3 | 8 |
| ≤8 GB | 100 | 8 | 5 | 12 |
| ≤16 GB | 200 | 12 | 8 | 20 |
| ≤32 GB | 400 | 20 | 12 | 40 |
| ≤64 GB | 800 | 28 | 18 | 70 |
| ≤128 GB | 1600 | 40 | 28 | 100 |
| >128 GB | Scale using the formula, then round down ~10–15% | — | — | — |

- To save and quit, press **Esc**, type `:wq`, and press **Enter**.

13. Restart the services:

```bash
systemctl restart nginx
systemctl restart mysql
systemctl restart alt-php56-fpm
```

14. If any of the services fail to start, review the relevant configuration files for errors.

> **NOTE:** You can restore the backup files created in Step 8 if necessary.

---
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
---
description: This article explains how to boot the Endpoint Protector On-Prem appliance into single-user (recovery) mode and safely expand disk space by resizing partitions and the file system after increasing virtual disk capacity.
keywords:
- Endpoint Protector
- disk expansion
- increase disk space
- recovery mode
- single-user mode
- GRUB
- fdisk
- parted
- resize2fs
- on-prem appliance
sidebar_label: How to Expand Disk Space on Endpoint Protector On-Prem Appliance
title: How to Expand Disk Space on Endpoint Protector On-Prem Appliance
knowledge_article_id: kA0Qk000000XXXXKAA
products:
- endpoint-protector
---

| The procedures and instructions provided in this document are intended for use by experienced administrators. Proceeding with these steps is done entirely at your own risk. Netwrix is not responsible for any data loss, system instability, or other issues that may arise from following these instructions. Ensure that you have a complete backup of your system before making any changes. |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

## Overview

This article describes how to boot the Endpoint Protector (EPP) On-Prem appliance into **single-user (recovery) mode** and safely expand disk space after increasing the virtual disk size.

These instructions apply only to **on-premises** EPP appliances.

---

## Instructions

1. **Shut down and increase the disk size**.

- In your VM manager, shut down the EPP virtual machine.
- Increase the disk space (for example, from 100 GB to 200 GB).
- Reboot the EPP appliance.
- While it reboots, press the `Esc` key to open the **GRUB** boot menu, and select **Advanced options for Ubuntu**.

![GRUB boot menu screenshot](./../0-images/43258ddd17f53d209349a9757595552d.png)

2. Choose the first entry labeled **(recovery mode)**.

![Recovery mode selection screenshot](./../0-images/cb6a560ea7bc3e35cd3c0a30978e4dc7.png)

3. Press **Enter** when prompted.

![Boot confirmation screenshot](./../0-images/221e2f00e49f44fffcf64957a74adf46.png)

4. **Identify the last partition**.

Run the following command to list available partitions:

```bash
fdisk -l
```

Review the output and identify the **last partition** (typically `/dev/sda3` or `/dev/sda5`, depending on the server version).

![Partition listing screenshot](./../0-images/a05c59666d4d5d06b571009b1e7309e5.png)

> **NOTE:** The last partition may vary depending on your environment.

5. **Stop Endpoint Protector services**.

Stop all EPP-related services before resizing:

```bash
service nginx stop
service cron stop
service mysql stop
service php-fpm stop
service alt-php56-fpm stop
service eppcloudsync stop
service awslogs stop
service syslog-ng stop
pkill -f run_workers.php
```

> **NOTE:** If a service is not running, proceed to the next command.

6. **Unmount the identified partition**.

```bash
umount /dev/sda3
```
or
```bash
umount /dev/sda5
```

7. **Resize the partition**.

Open the partition manager:

```bash
parted /dev/sda
```

![Parted utility screenshot](./../0-images/25e977352dd52f7cc1a0a099749039d7.png)

- Type `p` to display the current partition table and sizes.
![Partition table output](./../0-images/b811ee14df77d6d8e87b48fcd284db80.png)
- Resize the **last partition** to the maximum available space:
```bash
resizepart 3 100%
```
> **NOTE:** If prompted about available space, type `fix` to continue.
- Run `p` again to verify the new partition size:
```bash
p
```
![New partition size screenshot](./../0-images/e82dd4c71e1388608816abea6c906ae2.png)
- Exit the partition manager:
```bash
quit
```
- Refresh the kernel partition table:
```bash
partprobe
```

8. **Check the file system**.

Run a forced file system check (replace `sda3` with your actual partition if needed):

```bash
e2fsck -f /dev/sda3
```

![Filesystem check screenshot](./../0-images/91cd45f8016ad9a0a33eed482d054fbf.png)

9. **Resize the file system**.

```bash
resize2fs /dev/sda3
```

![Filesystem resize screenshot](./../0-images/7aabf76b61247cd7022988b79a06e3e8.png)

10. **Remount and verify disk size**.

```bash
mount -a
df -h
```

![Disk usage check screenshot](./../0-images/866c775d49c0cbef0864bd4cf7b06015.png)

11. **Restart the appliance**.

```bash
reboot
```

After restart, verify that the disk space increase is reflected in your EPP appliance.
2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions docs/kb/endpointprotector/move_and_tag_files.py
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -14,8 +14,10 @@
"deploy-the-client-on-macos-through-intune-with-full-disk-access.md",
"download-the-intune-mdm-deployment-guide.md",
"enable_full_disk_access_when_deploying_on_macos_using_kandji.md",
"how_to_change_root_password.md",
"how_to_deploy_the_client_using_sccm_or_msiexec.md",
"how_to_find_the_cososys_team_id_and_bundle_id_for_client_deployment_on_macos.md",
"how_to_increase_disk_space.md",
"how_to_manually_uninstall_the_agent.md",
"how_to_stage_the_endpoint_protector_server.md",
"how-to-install-client-without-user-interaction.md",
Expand Down
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