[FLINK-38825] Add time-based batch triggering for AsyncBatchWaitOperator

flink-streaming-java/src/main/java/org/apache/flink/streaming/api/datastream/AsyncDataStream.java

@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@
 import org.apache.flink.annotation.PublicEvolving;
 import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.TypeInformation;
 import org.apache.flink.api.java.typeutils.TypeExtractor;
+import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.async.AsyncBatchFunction;
 import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.async.AsyncFunction;
 import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.async.AsyncRetryStrategy;
+import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.async.AsyncBatchWaitOperatorFactory;
 import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.async.AsyncWaitOperator;
 import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.async.AsyncWaitOperatorFactory;
 import org.apache.flink.util.Preconditions;
@@ -319,4 +321,84 @@ public static <IN, OUT> SingleOutputStreamOperator<OUT> orderedWaitWithRetry(
                 OutputMode.ORDERED,
                 asyncRetryStrategy);
     }
+
+    // ================================================================================
+    //  Batch Async Operations
+    // ================================================================================
+
+    /**
+     * Adds an AsyncBatchWaitOperator to process elements in batches. The order of output stream
+     * records may be reordered (unordered mode).
+     *
+     * <p>This method is particularly useful for high-latency inference workloads where batching can
+     * significantly improve throughput, such as machine learning model inference.
+     *
+     * <p>The operator buffers incoming elements and triggers the async batch function when the
+     * buffer reaches {@code maxBatchSize}. Remaining elements are flushed when the input ends.
+     *
+     * @param in Input {@link DataStream}
+     * @param func {@link AsyncBatchFunction} to process batches of elements
+     * @param maxBatchSize Maximum number of elements to batch before triggering async invocation
+     * @param <IN> Type of input record
+     * @param <OUT> Type of output record
+     * @return A new {@link SingleOutputStreamOperator}
+     */
+    public static <IN, OUT> SingleOutputStreamOperator<OUT> unorderedWaitBatch(
+            DataStream<IN> in, AsyncBatchFunction<IN, OUT> func, int maxBatchSize) {
+        return unorderedWaitBatch(in, func, maxBatchSize, 0L);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds an AsyncBatchWaitOperator to process elements in batches with timeout support. The order
+     * of output stream records may be reordered (unordered mode).
+     *
+     * <p>This method is particularly useful for high-latency inference workloads where batching can
+     * significantly improve throughput, such as machine learning model inference.
+     *
+     * <p>The operator buffers incoming elements and triggers the async batch function when either:
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>The buffer reaches {@code maxBatchSize}
+     *   <li>The {@code batchTimeoutMs} has elapsed since the first buffered element (if timeout is
+     *       enabled)
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * <p>Remaining elements are flushed when the input ends.
+     *
+     * @param in Input {@link DataStream}
+     * @param func {@link AsyncBatchFunction} to process batches of elements
+     * @param maxBatchSize Maximum number of elements to batch before triggering async invocation
+     * @param batchTimeoutMs Batch timeout in milliseconds; <= 0 means timeout is disabled
+     * @param <IN> Type of input record
+     * @param <OUT> Type of output record
+     * @return A new {@link SingleOutputStreamOperator}
+     */
+    public static <IN, OUT> SingleOutputStreamOperator<OUT> unorderedWaitBatch(
+            DataStream<IN> in,
+            AsyncBatchFunction<IN, OUT> func,
+            int maxBatchSize,
+            long batchTimeoutMs) {
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(maxBatchSize > 0, "maxBatchSize must be greater than 0");
+
+        TypeInformation<OUT> outTypeInfo =
+                TypeExtractor.getUnaryOperatorReturnType(
+                        func,
+                        AsyncBatchFunction.class,
+                        0,
+                        1,
+                        new int[] {1, 0},
+                        in.getType(),
+                        Utils.getCallLocationName(),
+                        true);
+
+        // create transform
+        AsyncBatchWaitOperatorFactory<IN, OUT> operatorFactory =
+                new AsyncBatchWaitOperatorFactory<>(
+                        in.getExecutionEnvironment().clean(func), maxBatchSize, batchTimeoutMs);
+
+        return in.transform("async batch wait operator", outTypeInfo, operatorFactory);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Add orderedWaitBatch in follow-up PR
+    // TODO: Add event-time based batching support in follow-up PR
 }

flink-streaming-java/src/main/java/org/apache/flink/streaming/api/functions/async/AsyncBatchFunction.java

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.async;
+
+import org.apache.flink.annotation.PublicEvolving;
+import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.Function;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * A function to trigger Async I/O operations in batches.
+ *
+ * <p>For each batch of inputs, an async I/O operation can be triggered via {@link
+ * #asyncInvokeBatch}, and once it has been done, the results can be collected by calling {@link
+ * ResultFuture#complete}. This is particularly useful for high-latency inference workloads where
+ * batching can significantly improve throughput.
+ *
+ * <p>Unlike {@link AsyncFunction} which processes one element at a time, this interface allows
+ * processing multiple elements together, which is beneficial for scenarios like:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>Machine learning model inference where batching improves GPU utilization
+ *   <li>External service calls that support batch APIs
+ *   <li>Database queries that can be batched for efficiency
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>Example usage:
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * public class BatchInferenceFunction implements AsyncBatchFunction<String, String> {
+ *
+ *   public void asyncInvokeBatch(List<String> inputs, ResultFuture<String> resultFuture) {
+ *     // Submit batch inference request
+ *     CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
+ *         List<String> results = modelService.batchInference(inputs);
+ *         return results;
+ *     }).thenAccept(results -> resultFuture.complete(results));
+ *   }
+ * }
+ * }</pre>
+ *
+ * @param <IN> The type of the input elements.
+ * @param <OUT> The type of the returned elements.
+ */
+@PublicEvolving
+public interface AsyncBatchFunction<IN, OUT> extends Function, Serializable {
+
+    /**
+     * Trigger async operation for a batch of stream inputs.
+     *
+     * <p>The implementation should process all inputs in the batch and complete the result future
+     * with all corresponding outputs. The number of outputs does not need to match the number of
+     * inputs - it depends on the specific use case.
+     *
+     * @param inputs a batch of elements coming from upstream tasks
+     * @param resultFuture to be completed with the result data for the entire batch
+     * @throws Exception in case of a user code error. An exception will make the task fail and
+     *     trigger fail-over process.
+     */
+    void asyncInvokeBatch(List<IN> inputs, ResultFuture<OUT> resultFuture) throws Exception;
+
+    // TODO: Add timeout handling in follow-up PR
+    // TODO: Add open/close lifecycle methods in follow-up PR
+}