feat: Search pipeline run API uses pagination cursor

cloud_pipelines_backend/api_server_sql.py

@@ -182,26 +182,27 @@ def list(
         include_pipeline_names: bool = False,
         include_execution_stats: bool = False,
     ) -> ListPipelineJobsResponse:
-        where_clauses, offset, next_token = filter_query_sql.build_list_filters(
+        where_clauses = filter_query_sql.build_list_filters(
             filter_value=filter,
             filter_query_value=filter_query,
-            page_token_value=page_token,
+            cursor_value=page_token,
             current_user=current_user,
-            page_size=_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE,
         )
 
         pipeline_runs = list(
             session.scalars(
                 sql.select(bts.PipelineRun)
                 .where(*where_clauses)
-                .order_by(bts.PipelineRun.created_at.desc())
-                .offset(offset)
+                .order_by(
+                    bts.PipelineRun.created_at.desc(),
+                    bts.PipelineRun.id.desc(),
+                )
                 .limit(_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE)
             ).all()
         )
 
-        next_page_token = (
-            next_token.encode() if len(pipeline_runs) >= _DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE else None
+        next_page_token = filter_query_sql.maybe_next_page_token(
+            rows=pipeline_runs, page_size=_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE
         )
 
         return ListPipelineJobsResponse(

cloud_pipelines_backend/backend_types_sql.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 IX_EXECUTION_NODE_CACHE_KEY: Final[str] = (
     "ix_execution_node_container_execution_cache_key"
 )
+IX_PR_CREATED_AT_DESC_ID_DESC: Final[str] = "ix_pr_created_at_desc_id_desc"
 IX_ANNOTATION_RUN_ID_KEY_VALUE: Final[str] = (
     "ix_pipeline_run_annotation_run_id_key_value"
 )
@@ -167,6 +168,11 @@ class PipelineRun(_TableBase):
             created_by,
             created_at.desc(),
         ),
+        sql.Index(
+            IX_PR_CREATED_AT_DESC_ID_DESC,
+            created_at.desc(),
+            id.desc(),
+        ),
     )
 
 

cloud_pipelines_backend/database_ops.py

@@ -92,6 +92,11 @@ def migrate_db(db_engine: sqlalchemy.Engine):
             index.create(db_engine, checkfirst=True)
             break
 
+    for index in bts.PipelineRun.__table__.indexes:
+        if index.name == bts.IX_PR_CREATED_AT_DESC_ID_DESC:
+            index.create(db_engine, checkfirst=True)
+            break
+
     backfill_created_by_annotations(db_engine=db_engine)
     backfill_pipeline_name_annotations(db_engine=db_engine)
 

cloud_pipelines_backend/errors.py

@@ -22,3 +22,7 @@ class MutuallyExclusiveFilterError(ApiValidationError):
 
 class InvalidAnnotationKeyError(ApiValidationError):
     pass
+
+
+class InvalidPageTokenError(ApiValidationError):
+    pass

cloud_pipelines_backend/filter_query_sql.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import base64
-import dataclasses
 import datetime
 import json
 import enum
@@ -39,26 +37,58 @@ class SystemKey(enum.StrEnum):
 }
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# PageToken
+# Cursor encode / decode
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+CURSOR_SEPARATOR: Final[str] = "~"
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass(kw_only=True)
-class PageToken:
-    offset: int = 0
-    filter: str | None = None
-    filter_query: str | None = None
 
-    def encode(self) -> str:
-        return base64.b64encode(
-            json.dumps(dataclasses.asdict(self)).encode("utf-8")
-        ).decode("utf-8")
+def encode_cursor(created_at: datetime.datetime, run_id: str) -> str:
+    """Encode the last row's position as a tilde-separated cursor string.
 
-    @classmethod
-    def decode(cls, token: str | None) -> "PageToken":
-        if not token:
-            return cls()
-        return cls(**json.loads(base64.b64decode(token)))
+    The created_at from PipelineRun is naive UTC (no UtcDateTime decorator on
+    this column). We stamp it as UTC here so the cursor string is
+    timezone-explicit for readability and correctness.
+    decode_cursor() normalizes back to naive UTC for DB comparison.
+    """
+    if created_at.tzinfo is None:
+        created_at = created_at.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+    return f"{created_at.isoformat()}{CURSOR_SEPARATOR}{run_id}"
+
+
+def decode_cursor(cursor: str | None) -> tuple[datetime.datetime, str] | None:
+    """Parse a tilde-separated cursor string into (created_at, run_id).
+
+    Returns None for empty/missing cursors. Raises InvalidPageTokenError
+    for unrecognized formats (e.g. legacy base64 tokens).
+    """
+    if not cursor:
+        return None
+    if CURSOR_SEPARATOR not in cursor:
+        raise errors.InvalidPageTokenError(
+            f"Unrecognized page_token format. "
+            f"Expected 'created_at~id' cursor. token={cursor[:20]}... (truncated)"
+        )
+    # maxsplit=1: split on first ~ only, so run_id can safely contain ~
+    created_at_str, run_id = cursor.split(CURSOR_SEPARATOR, 1)
+    created_at = datetime.datetime.fromisoformat(created_at_str)
+    # Normalize to naive UTC to match DB storage format (PipelineRun.created_at
+    # is plain DateTime, not UtcDateTime -- stores/returns naive datetimes).
+    if created_at.tzinfo is not None:
+        created_at = created_at.astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc).replace(tzinfo=None)
+    return created_at, run_id
+
+
+def maybe_next_page_token(
+    *,
+    rows: list[bts.PipelineRun],
+    page_size: int,
+) -> str | None:
+    """Return a cursor token for the next page, or None if this is the last page."""
+    if len(rows) < page_size:
+        return None
+    last = rows[page_size - 1]
+    return encode_cursor(last.created_at, last.id)
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -159,26 +189,15 @@ def build_list_filters(
     *,
     filter_value: str | None,
     filter_query_value: str | None,
-    page_token_value: str | None,
+    cursor_value: str | None,
     current_user: str | None,
-    page_size: int,
-) -> tuple[list[sql.ColumnElement], int, PageToken]:
-    """Resolve pagination token, legacy filter, and filter_query into WHERE clauses.
-
-    Returns (where_clauses, offset, next_page_token).
-    """
+) -> list[sql.ColumnElement]:
+    """Build WHERE clauses from filters and cursor."""
     if filter_value and filter_query_value:
         raise errors.MutuallyExclusiveFilterError(
             "Cannot use both 'filter' and 'filter_query'. Use one or the other."
         )
 
-    page_token = PageToken.decode(page_token_value)
-    offset = page_token.offset
-    filter_value = page_token.filter if page_token_value else filter_value
-    filter_query_value = (
-        page_token.filter_query if page_token_value else filter_query_value
-    )
-
     if filter_value:
         filter_query_value = _convert_legacy_filter_to_filter_query(
             filter_value=filter_value,
@@ -194,13 +213,18 @@ def build_list_filters(
             )
         )
 
-    next_page_token = PageToken(
-        offset=offset + page_size,
-        filter=None,
-        filter_query=filter_query_value,
-    )
+    cursor = decode_cursor(cursor_value)
+    if cursor:
+        cursor_created_at, cursor_id = cursor
+        where_clauses.append(
+            sql.tuple_(bts.PipelineRun.created_at, bts.PipelineRun.id)
+            < sql.tuple_(
+                sql.literal(cursor_created_at),
+                sql.literal(cursor_id),
+            )
+        )
 
-    return where_clauses, offset, next_page_token
+    return where_clauses
 
 
 def filter_query_to_where_clause(

tests/test_api_server_sql.py

@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@ def test_list_pagination(self, session_factory, service):
             )
         assert len(page1.pipeline_runs) == 10
         assert page1.next_page_token is not None
+        assert "~" in page1.next_page_token
 
         with session_factory() as session:
             page2 = service.list(
@@ -191,6 +192,70 @@ def test_list_pagination(self, session_factory, service):
         assert len(page2.pipeline_runs) == 2
         assert page2.next_page_token is None
 
+    def test_list_cursor_pagination_order(self, session_factory, service):
+        for i in range(5):
+            _create_run(
+                session_factory,
+                service,
+                root_task=_make_task_spec(f"pipeline-{i}"),
+            )
+
+        with session_factory() as session:
+            result = service.list(session=session)
+
+        dates = [r.created_at for r in result.pipeline_runs]
+        assert dates == sorted(dates, reverse=True)
+
+    def test_list_cursor_pagination_no_overlap(self, session_factory, service):
+        for i in range(12):
+            _create_run(
+                session_factory,
+                service,
+                root_task=_make_task_spec(f"pipeline-{i}"),
+            )
+
+        with session_factory() as session:
+            page1 = service.list(session=session)
+        with session_factory() as session:
+            page2 = service.list(session=session, page_token=page1.next_page_token)
+        page1_ids = {r.id for r in page1.pipeline_runs}
+        page2_ids = {r.id for r in page2.pipeline_runs}
+        assert page1_ids.isdisjoint(page2_ids)
+
+    def test_list_cursor_pagination_stable_under_inserts(
+        self, session_factory, service
+    ):
+        for i in range(12):
+            _create_run(
+                session_factory,
+                service,
+                root_task=_make_task_spec(f"pipeline-{i}"),
+            )
+
+        with session_factory() as session:
+            page1 = service.list(session=session)
+        page1_ids = {r.id for r in page1.pipeline_runs}
+
+        _create_run(
+            session_factory,
+            service,
+            root_task=_make_task_spec("pipeline-new"),
+        )
+
+        with session_factory() as session:
+            page2 = service.list(session=session, page_token=page1.next_page_token)
+        page2_ids = {r.id for r in page2.pipeline_runs}
+        assert page1_ids.isdisjoint(page2_ids)
+        assert len(page2.pipeline_runs) == 2
+
+    def test_list_invalid_page_token_raises(self, session_factory, service):
+        """page_token without ~ raises InvalidPageTokenError (422)."""
+        with session_factory() as session:
+            with pytest.raises(
+                errors.InvalidPageTokenError, match="Unrecognized page_token"
+            ):
+                service.list(session=session, page_token="not-a-cursor")
+
     def test_list_filter_unsupported(self, session_factory, service):
         with session_factory() as session:
             with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match="Unsupported filter"):
@@ -1254,7 +1319,7 @@ def test_list_filter_query_time_range_offset_timezone(
         returned_ids = {r.id for r in result.pipeline_runs}
         assert returned_ids == {run_b.id, run_c.id}
 
-    def test_pagination_preserves_filter_query(self, session_factory, service):
+    def test_pagination_with_filter_query(self, session_factory, service):
         for _ in range(12):
             run = _create_run(
                 session_factory,
@@ -1278,14 +1343,13 @@ def test_pagination_preserves_filter_query(self, session_factory, service):
             )
         assert len(page1.pipeline_runs) == 10
         assert page1.next_page_token is not None
-
-        decoded = filter_query_sql.PageToken.decode(page1.next_page_token)
-        assert decoded.filter_query == fq
+        assert "~" in page1.next_page_token
 
         with session_factory() as session:
             page2 = service.list(
                 session=session,
                 page_token=page1.next_page_token,
+                filter_query=fq,
             )
         assert len(page2.pipeline_runs) == 2
         assert page2.next_page_token is None